Kindergarten Mathematics | Chapter 5: Addition and Subtraction Within Ten
Student textbook, five lessons. Read this teaching text before completing daily exercises. This is a single chapter, not a yearlong course.
Lesson 1: Join Groups to Add
Read and understand
Addition combines two groups into one total. Put three counters on a mat, then add two counters. Count all five. We record the action as 3 + 2 = 5. The equals sign means the quantity on the left has the same value as the quantity on the right. Always count the actual items instead of guessing.
Model and discuss
Ask the learner to explain the important idea, demonstrate one example, and state where information in the lesson comes from. Give age-appropriate instruction before independent practice.
Check understanding
- 3 + 2 = __.
- 4 + 1 = __.
- Draw two circles and three circles. How many in all?
Lesson 2: Find Missing Parts
Read and understand
A whole can be split into parts. A group of seven may have four red blocks and three blue blocks. Because 4 + 3 = 7, if one part is known, counters help us discover the missing part. We can write 4 + __ = 7. Find the difference by counting from four up to seven, or by taking four away from seven.
Model and discuss
Ask the learner to explain the important idea, demonstrate one example, and state where information in the lesson comes from. Give age-appropriate instruction before independent practice.
Check understanding
- Complete 4 + __ = 7.
- Complete 6 + __ = 9.
- If 5 is made from 2 and __, find the other part.
Lesson 3: Take Away to Subtract
Read and understand
Subtraction finds how many remain when some objects are removed. Put eight counters on a table and move three aside. Five remain. Write 8 – 3 = 5. The minus sign means take away in this story. Make a drawing with crossed-out objects when physical counters are not available.
Model and discuss
Ask the learner to explain the important idea, demonstrate one example, and state where information in the lesson comes from. Give age-appropriate instruction before independent practice.
Check understanding
- 8 – 3 = __.
- 6 – 2 = __.
- Start with 9 stones and remove 4. How many remain?
Lesson 4: Compare Adding and Subtracting Stories
Read and understand
Words in stories reveal which action is needed. If two children bring three books and four books, the books join, so we add. If there are seven books and two are borrowed, we subtract to find what remains. Draw a model, label what you know, then select the equation. Always explain the meaning of your answer.
Model and discuss
Ask the learner to explain the important idea, demonstrate one example, and state where information in the lesson comes from. Give age-appropriate instruction before independent practice.
Check understanding
- Two plus five flowers makes how many?
- Nine crackers, three eaten. How many left?
- Write an equation for four blocks joined by one block.
Lesson 5: Independent Operations Check
Read and understand
Read each problem and choose whether to join, take away, or find a missing part. Use counters or a drawing if needed. Check by recounting. A wrong answer is information about which skill needs more practice, not a reason to stop learning.
Model and discuss
Ask the learner to explain the important idea, demonstrate one example, and state where information in the lesson comes from. Give age-appropriate instruction before independent practice.
Check understanding
- 5 + 4 = __.
- 10 – 7 = __.
- 2 + __ = 6.
Chapter review
Review the five readings and complete the matching separate daily workbook.